Affluenza: To Buy or Not To Buy Essay -- essays research papers

Affluenza: To Buy or Not To Buy There is an epidemic widespread throughout the country. A highly contagious disease of being out of control; overconsumption, and the symptoms normally include compulsive shopping, high debt, overwork, a sense of entitlement, obsession with externals and "having it all," wastefulness, and stress. The disease is called affluenza, which is derived from the word â€Å"affluence,† meaning: abundant supply, wealth, and riches. Affluenza has been described as: â€Å" 1. The bloated, sluggish and unfulfilled feeling that results from efforts to keep up with the Joneses. 2. An epidemic of stress, overwork, waste and indebtedness caused by dogged pursuit of the American Dream. 3. An unsustainable addiction to economic growth.† It is a fact that â€Å"advertisers who promote and shape a consumer’s way of life seek to condition us to the idea that by trading our â€Å"life† for the money needed to buy their product, in hopes we can fulfill our hopes for power, happiness, acceptance, success, achievement, and personal worth.† Example the factory worker who dreams of winning the lottery and devotes a chunk of his weekly paycheck toward buying tickets. The secretary who spends her grocery money at a shoe sale nearly every week before paying the household bills. â€Å"What is Affluenza† a web site I read to better understand what Affluenza really meant, warns that â€Å"those of us who buy into the advertisers' messages find our time so consumed by jobs we don't even like, ...

How Work Affects Family Life Essay

Today, the term â€Å"family† is difficult to define. All families are unique, and they can range anywhere from single parent families to extended families. Most importantly though, it is in the family where the next generation is being built. Parents must provide security and support for their children, and they need to be prepared for the challenges of balancing work and family in today’s society. In traditional families, there was a mother, a father and their resulting children. The father would most often be the earner of the family, and the mother would stay at home and take care of the children. Things have changed considerably in the twenty-first century. Now there are more dual-income families, single-parent families, and there are many more women in the labour force. This poses a great change to family life, and many parents are working a â€Å"double day†. They have their regular full time jobs where they earn an income, and then they have to come home to more work such as cooking, cleaning and grocery shopping. Like all systems and interactions, conflict arises between work and family issues. This issue causes conflict for every member of the family, and they need to discover ways to resolve this conflict. According to the feminist theory, â€Å"gender is basic to all social structures and organizations†. (Eshleman & Wilson, 2001:23). Obviously, it is also basic to the conflicts of work and family life. Today, both men and women must go to work to support their families, but it is usually the woman who has to come home and do the cooking, cleaning and grocery shopping, while her husband plays with the kids or watches television in the living room. This is definitely a concern that needs to be addressed, and although there have been some improvements in this area, much more can still be done. More improvements have also been made by employers, unions and the government to benefit families who have full time jobs. Although, they have made steps towards improving this dilemma, there are still many issues that need to be dealt with. The social conflict theory states that â€Å"conflict is natural and inevitable in all human interaction† (Eshleman & Wilson, 2001:15). It is not seen as a negative theory, it just calls for people to be aware that conflict will arise, and that they need to come up with solutions to these struggles. This is no different in the family. Today’s families have to deal with tension on the macro level and the micro level. Work and employment affect both the  macro and micro elements of the family. More and more varieties of families are coming about, such as dual-income families, single-parent families, and families who take care of their children as well as their parents. These people face tribulations everyday of their lives while trying to juggle work and their family. Mostly in dual-income families, and single-parent families, people are performing a â€Å"double day†. According to Eshleman and Wilson (2001), the double day, or second shift, refers to the combina tion of paid and unpaid work most people do. The family member earning the income â€Å"often feels stress and encounters difficulties trying to meet their responsibilities as family members and as employees† (Coates, 1991:1). This affects their performance at work and at home. They are caught in the middle between having to work to support the family, and wanting to create a good environment for their family to grow in. Society tells these parents that â€Å"they are bad [parents] if they don’t go to the school play and bad employees if they do go and take time off from work† (Denholtz, 2000:91). The children or elderly people in the head of the household’s care also suffer from the work/family conflict. Children are often raised by other people other than their own parents, such as nannies, teachers, other relatives or day care workers. Many children must learn to grow up a lot quicker than they would normally have to if their parents were always around which could be good in some cases, but not so good in others. Every member of the family must have a role, and know that role. Partners must discuss who will do the dishes that night, and who will take the children to baseball practice. Children must also help out with household chores, and take some responsibility for themselves. If all members of the family can come to a specific agreement, and implement a good plan to satisfy everyone, work and family can be managed. All that is needed are the right attitudes and resources. Several couples in Crysdale’s study of working class people in downtown Toronto said that they manage trouble at work by leaving it at the door when they come home (1991:103). There was not always an issue between family life and work. Typically, the only women who would work were young, single females with no other obligations. Married women would stay home with their children, do all the  housework and make sure supper was on the table for their husbands when they came home from work. The predicament between work and family arose when women began participating more in the labour force during and after World War I. Their involvement in the labour force has steadily increased since the beginning of the twentieth century, while men’s participation has decreased. According to Eshleman and Wilson (2001), 16.2 percent of women over the age of fifteen were employed in 1911, and approximately 60 percent of women are employed today. So in under a century the number of women working has almost quadrupled. There are many different reasons explaining why more and more women are joining the work force. It basically first started during World War II, because there was a great need for workers in factories, stores, etc., and the men were off fighting in the war. Therefore, the women had to join the labour force, and after the war, when they could leave their jobs, many women chose to stay instead of becoming a housewife once again. In the 1960’s, there was a women’s liberation movement, and this time period was the most significant change in women’s roles. Wives and mothers wanted to be free from the constraints placed on them in the home, so many of them decided to go to work. Prior to this, mainly single women were working for pay, but since then the gap between single and married women has decreased. Also, there has been an increase in the number of blended families, common-law relationships, and single-parent families which forces most members of these families to find paid work in order to financially support their family. Most single parents must go to work to provide for the family because they have no help from the mother or father of their children. Altogether, many different circumstances have led to the increa sed problems between work and family life. As we can see, as women gained a more significant role in the labour force, and as different types of families arose such as single-parent families, the conflicts also increased. When Eshleman and Wilson are explaining the feminist theory they ask the question, â€Å"What about women?† Their answers to this question are: Based on the ideas that the experiences of women are different from those of men, are unequal (less privileged) to those of men, and are actively  oppressed (restrained, subordinated, used and abused) by men. (p. 23) This definition works perfectly into the dilemma between men and women’s roles in the family and in the work force. We must always consider women and gender when making assumptions about the family and work because they are inseparable issues. Even with the intense changes that have taken place in the family structure and the workforce, there is still the general idea that a woman’s first and foremost responsibility is in the home, even when she is engaged in work outside of the home. Women workers experience much more stress and difficulty in balancing work and home than men do, because they â€Å"tend to bear a disproportionate share of household tasks and family responsibilities† (Coates, 1991:8). Coates (1991) listed some important statistics from a survey by the Conference of Canada in his article. He concluded that women reported spending an average of 16.5 hours per week on ‘home maintenance’ compared to 9.8 hours by men. Three-quarters of the women reported that they had the majority of responsibility for making child arrangements compared to 4.1 percent of men, and women were almost four times as likely to stay home with their children when they were sick. Basically, the work and family issue has been viewed only as a woman issue, which creates problems between husband-wife families. This is a micro example of the social conflict theory. Work creates conflict within the family between the husband and the wife, in deciding who will perform what tasks within the family. More recently, men have been accepting larger responsibilities within the family â€Å"either through choice, or necessity in their role as a single parent in the paid workforce†. The gaps between men and women’s responsibilities in the home are decreasing, but there is much more to be done about this matter. Child care is the largest concern parents have when it comes to their family and their work. There are many options available for parents when it comes to childcare, such as daycare, nannies, relatives, babysitters, and schools, although it is not that easy. Some families cannot afford daycare or nannies; some do not have families they can rely on for childcare and some parents’ work schedules do not accommodate babysitter’s hours. The age of  the child is another factor that has to be considered when planning on childcare. If the child is an infant, one of the parents usually has to be with them all day, and not all employers offer maternity or paternity leave. When the child is a toddler, they have not yet reached the age that would allow them to be in school from nine o’clock until three o’clock, so they still need someone in their care for the entire day. When the child reaches the school years, there are still a few hours before and after school that needs to be taken into account. After the child has reached an age in which he/she is able to take care of themselves, transportation between school, home and extracurricular activities comes into account. All of these factors contribute to the hardships parents face when trying to balance work and family life. Aside from the family, corporations and employers need to address the problems of stress placed on their employees while trying to manage between work and home. This incorporates the macro level of the social conflict theory. Fernandez states that: There is a high correlation not only between missed work and caring for a sick child, but also caring for a sick child and leaving work early, coming in late, dealing with family issues during working hours, and on-and-off-the-job-stress. As the families continue to grow and change, the companies need to implement a vast range of improvements in order to reduce the great demands of parenting and work. This will not only help the parents out with their family, but it will create a less stressful environment for all of the employees, and therefore, it will improve the company. Many companies have already taken certain steps in doing this, but there is still much more that can be done. One suggestion is job-sharing, which is â€Å"a form of part-time working wherein two people choose to share the salary, benefits and responsibilities of one full-time job† (McRae, 1989:16). This benefits parents who want to maintain paid work and also want to be at home with their children. Homeworking is another example, and it is when a person takes on paid work from the home. This has become increasingly easier to  manage with new technologies such as the Internet. Shift work would also help to balance out the time between work and the family. The shifts could correspond with the hours that the children are in bed, or are at school, which allows the worker to spend more time with their family. More steps need to be taken in this area, such as on-site day care, paid leave to attend to a sick child or family issue, and included day-care costs. We have reached a point in society when it is time to come to a compromise between work and family life, and flexibility needs to be offered whenever it is needed. In all, families have changed a great deal in the last century, and we need to keep up with these changes and offer new suggestions towards improving family life. Work places a great demand on all families, including dual-income families, single-parent families, blended families, and extended families. Parents are struggling everyday with the conflict between work and family life. It works in a viscous circle, because families need money to support their families, but at the same time they need a lot of extra time to spend with their families. The burden is placed more on women than it is on men, because taking care of the household is still seen as the â€Å"woman’s job†, even if she is engaged in paid work. Men need to start doing their equal share around the house to make it easier on the demands of the woman. More steps need to be taken in child care facilities, because that is the main problem working parents face today. Companies must implement new plans in order to meet the needs of their workers. Altogether, it has been an ongoing battle for parents who are trying to balance between work and family life, and as the family continues to grow and change so must the laws behind flexible work hours, day care, and permissible absence for family issues.

The Doom Of The Lakes - 1442 Words

Sam Pruhs Mrs. Gavagan Expository Writing 5/24/2017 The Doom of the Lakes Just a few miles away, our Great Lakes are being ravaged by plastic particles being released throughout. Issues around the world regarding water have always been prevalent. Dehydration kills about 2.2 million children every year. We can not stand idle by as a possible solution degrades daily right next to us. Lake Erie is known as the most polluted of the Great Lakes however, Lake Michigan is close behind. Due to the boom in industry in the Milwaukee and Chicago areas during the Industrial Revolution, and the disregard of the environmental impact, Michigan has already absorbed a large amount of pollutants. Only one percent of the water in the Great Lakes leave the†¦show more content†¦Point source solution references when a facility or industrial treatment plant directly dump raw sewage or other pollutants into the body of water. Nonpoint source pollution refers to pollution associated with runoff. Air pollution deals with the microscopic particles whic h float through the air into the water. Air pollution is responsible for the far majority of the plastic particles present in the Great Lakes. Using our everyday products such as shampoo and hand soap because they re plastic particles to become airborne, and be swept by the wind into the Great Lakes. When they finally do settle into the water, they sit on the bottom until a current pushes them up, which happens very often. These plastic particles are cycled through the fish population and eventually the entire ecosystem, posing to crippled all the organisms. These particles cause ruptures in the body and clogged digestive tracts. Effects on the local Great Lake biosphere have accumulations of toxins within the food chain. For instance, fish. 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After the flood Noah built offered animal sacrifices to give thanks to God for his deliverance on an alter he constructed out of stone. Even though Noah was a righteous man he did inherent a sinful nature. â€Å"After the flood

Physical Education Time Line and Ojectives - 2365 Words

History of Physical Education Event Date: | Event Title: | Event Description: | | 1st Nov, 1600 | Overview of Physical Education | Quick Over View of Physical Education History | | 1st Jan, 1774 | First Physical Education Teacher | Johann Friedrich Simon was the First Modern Physical Education teacher; he was a part of the curriculum at Johann Basedows Philanthropinum in Dessau, Germany. The Philanthropinum was an experimental school with a portion of its curriculum devoted to physical training, including fencing, horseback riding, dancing, and ball games. | | 1st Jan, 1810 | Begining development of physical training | Friedrich Jahn was known as the father of gymnastics and began working outdoors with his students playing†¦show more content†¦This Act relates to all aspects of a childs educational success, including that of physical education. | | 2nd Nov, 2005 | Individual with Disabilities Education Improvement Act | The Individuals with Disabilities Act, Public Law 108-4 66 was passed on this day as an amendment to the original IDEA, and states: physical education is a required service for children and youth between the ages of 3-21 who qualify for special education services because of a specific disability or developmental delay. | | 16th Nov, 2011 | SPARK PROGRAM | SPARK PROGRAM SPARK strives to improve the health of children, adolescents, and adults by disseminating evidence-based Physical Education, After School, Early Childhood, and Coordinated School Health programs to teachers and recreation. Each SPARK program fosters environmental and behavioral change by providing a coordinated package of highly active curriculum, on-site teacher training, extensive follow-up support, and content-matched equipment. | | Timespan Dates: | Timespan Title: | Timespan Description: | | 1st Jan, 1700 to 16th Nov, 2011 | Early 1700s- Presesnt | This timeline shows the history of physical education. | History of Physical Education (Primitive Society to Modern Society) Physical Education The instrument in the exercise, care and hygiene of the human body, especially in course of gymnastics. â€Å"Primitive Society† Primitive man moves according to their satisfaction, needs andShow MoreRelatedNestle Corporate Social Responsility7065 Words   |  29 Pagescorporate social responsibility for Nestle, the ways and methods adopted to discharge it at their best of the ability and the impacts of its performance on its various major stakeholders. In current times where every business is striving hard to achieve its financial objectives,there are some who are above the line in achieving this objective, their success is not merely as a result of their good management and operational skills. The additional thing which adds to the overall flavor of success for a business

Night And Dawn The Revolutionizing Story Of Tragedy

Night and Dawn: The Revolutionizing Story of Tragedy Throughout the course of history, time has been kind to some, and evil to others. To Elie Wiesel, time has been a ruthless machine that only caused hardship and sorrow. Elie Wiesel had to encounter arguably the most tragic event in history, the Holocaust, which took the life of his mother, father, and siblings, in addition to 6 million other Jews. Essentially, the Holocaust stemmed from Adolf Hitler gaining power of Germany in World War II, which allowed him to scapegoat the Jewish people for the German defeat in World War I. As a result, millions of Jews were put into concentration camps across Europe where they were separated from their families and their connection with God. But following his depiction of the Holocaust, Elie Wiesel also describes his fictional account of the British Occupation of Palestine in which he shows the internal tragedies one must face with death. Evidently, as the story progresses, Wiesel’s resil iency grows stronger in which he is able to avenge the death of his compatriot, David Ben Moshe, by killing John Dawson. Ultimately, Elie Wiesel perfectly encapsulates the aspects of plot, conflicts, settings, characters, themes, and style throughout both Night and Dawn in which he shows that adversity is never to fear as there is always light at the end of the tunnel. Throughout his masterful works Night and Dawn, Elie Wiesel utilizes a stagnant style of writing that may suggest that these novels

Dbq Essay Civil War Free Essays

Carly Tucker 9 January, 2013 AP US History Mr. Barber Betweeen the years of 1860 and 1877 the united states went through the civil war and reconstruction era. Dramatic changes occurred during this time that brought about drastic constitutional and social development. We will write a custom essay sample on Dbq Essay Civil War or any similar topic only for you Order Now The dramatic changes brought a revolution. The Civil War was not officially fought over the issue of slavery, but one of the most important outcomes of the war was the emancipation of all slaves in the United States. The reasons for southern states’ secession ranged from unfair duties imposed on the states to the recurring issue of slavery (Document A). This secession unofficially started the war and created great tension between the North and the South. President Lincoln’s main purpose of commencing war was to unite the divided nation, and with tactics such as his Emancipation Proclamation and gaining the Border States’ support he was able to achieve his goal of reunification. Other results yielded by the war were the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution. These provisions formally ended slavery and guaranteed the black freedmen future citizenship and suffrage. The blacks argued that if they fought in the war to preserve the Union that they were entitled to voting and having the same rights as other American citizens (Document C). The Civil Rights Act of 1866 declared that every person born in the United States, without regard to race, color, or previous conditions of slavery or involuntary service, is entitled to citizenship. The end of the Civil War marked the end of the bloodshed but the beginning of reconstruction of the nation. The United States still had many issues to address. One such issue was the new banking and currency systems. Senator John Sherman felt that the country was not nationalized enough. (Doc B) He felt that America would prosper more if it had its own unique exchange system. As opposed to different states doing their own things which is why the government could be overthrown. Although the slaves were finally freed, things were still rough for the freedmen. (Doc C) Some Africans felt that they were being betrayed by their government. He did not understand how after they have fought for their nation and government, they are still eligible to vote for their representatives. In the petition it explains how they are treated unfairly in court and how the courts will not even receive negro testimony. At that time the government was not too willing to help out the freedmen. Gideon Welles, Lincoln’s Secretary of the Navy wrote in a diary that the Federal Government has no control of whether or not blacks can vote or not. (Doc D) He felt it was entirely up to the states to decide if they vote or not. The Federal Government has done it job by freeing the state and suffrage is not their issue. And some states took advantage of this with things like the Poll Tax, Literacy Test, and Grandfather Clause, which prevented blacks from being able to vote. The few that could afford the Poll Tax most likely could not read, and if they did it was highly unlikely that their grandfather voted since slaves were not even considered citizens of the United States from the Dread Scott decision. This does not mean that there were no efforts to support the freedmen. The Freedmen’s Bureau was set up to help blacks do things like read and write so they could be more equal to the white man. In a petition to the Bureau and the President, the Freedmen of Disto Island stated that they were promised land from the government but have yet to see it. As one can see during the years 1860-1877, many developments both constitutional and social put the nation through a revolution. These things have changed the country greatly not just for the blacks but also the whites and for the nation as a whole. How to cite Dbq Essay Civil War, Essays

Micro Organisms and Infectious Diseases Infectious Diseases

Question: Discuss about the Micro Organisms and Infectious Diseases for Infectious Disease. Answer: Micro Organisms and Infectious Diseases Microorganisms constitute the majority of the living material of the planet and play a major role in maintaining the ecosystem of the earth. They are either beneficial for the life or can cause harm as well. The main categories of microorganisms include bacteria, virus and fungi. The key features of bacteria include the fact that they are the prokaryotic cells that have the ability to absorb nutrients from their surrounding environment or can produce their own nutrients by the utilization of light energy or other mechanisms. They have plasma membrane and cell wall for protection and possess both RNA and DNA. They use flagella and slimy layer for locomotion (Stowell et al. 2014). Bacteria play a major role in the recycling of nutrients and they can be of three different shapes like rod-shaped, sphere shaped and spiral shaped. Viruses are the obligate intracellular parasites that are made up of a protein coat, capsid or envelope and a nucleic acid that contains either RNA or DNA. Using the machinery of the host cell, viruses multiply inside the host cell (Zhou et al. 2013). The nucleic acid in the virus can be either single or double stranded. Fungi are the eukaryotic cells containing a membrane-bound nucleus and having cell walls. The cell walls of fungi are composed of chitin and they are achlorophyllous. They are heterotrophs and they obtain their nutrients by absorption. Commensals are the organisms that build up a relationship with another organism in such a way that the former benefits from the latter without affecting it. In this relationship, one organism obtains food and other benefits from the other organism without benefitting or harming the other. Commensals play an important role in the prevention of infections. This is done by denying the entry of the invading organisms to the target site by producing substances that inhibit the growth of the invading organisms and even kills them (Hasegawa et al. 2012). Therefore, the human host can have a variety of benefits from the commensals like cleaner skin, improved digestion and protection from infections. Examples of commensals in the human body are the bacterial species of Moraxella and Neisseria. Pathogens are the microorganisms that are responsible for producing diseases and the diseases that the pathogens cause in human beings are known as pathogenic diseases. Soil contamination has been the m ost persistent and oldest potential for harboring the pathogens. Pathogens are known to play a variety of roles that include restricting the distribution of plants, regulating the populations, regulating the growth and reproduction of the host and affecting the shelter and food for the animals (Daszak et al. 2015). It becomes easy for the pathogens to move from one species to another when the individuals live close together and therefore, they tend to have a high mortality. Examples of pathogens in the human body are Pseudomonas and Streptococcus. Spreading of microorganisms is called as transmission. The process of transmission involves a number of stages that includes escape from the reservoir or host of infection and transporting to the new host. This is followed by the entry to the new host and finally the exit from the new host. Different pathogens have the ability of transmission through various modes. There are various routes of transmission of the microorganisms that includes person-to-person, food, water, insects and fomites. Person to person transmission is occurred by touch, contaminated body fluids and blood, saliva and air. Cold virus can be transmitted by shaking hands whereas HIV and hepatitis B is spread through contaminated blood (Ribeiro and de Oliveira 2012). Flu and cold can spread through the saliva of the infected person on kissing and the diseases like tuberculosis, mumps and measles spread by sneezing and coughing. Harmful microbes can enter the food during the process of production and is transmitted b y consumption. The animal and human feces transmit diseases like cholera and typhoid by contaminating the drinking water. Insects like houseflies are responsible for transmitting pathogens to the food like E.Coli and Salmonella and mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting malaria. Fomites are the non-living objects that include toys, towels and bedding that transmits disease-causing microorganisms and the fungus Trichophyton is transmitted through the floors of changing rooms and towels (Smith and Mueller 2015). The routes of entry to and exit from the human body lead to the transmission of the microorganisms from one host to another. The routes of entry include oral ingestion through food, breakage of skin through the wounds and by touch or contact with sexual transmission of body fluids. Poor processes of food manufacturing and poor processes of food preparation allow the microbes to grow in the food material and therefore lead to the food borne illnesses. E.Coli is a species of bacteria that is often found in the unpasteurized fruit juice and undercooked hamburger meat can have their direct consequences on the elderly and children. Cryptosporidia, Giardia and Salmonella are the microorganisms that infect the water bodies by the fecal matters and can cause diarrhea (Miller and Palenik 2014). Wounds are responsible for breaking the integrity of the tissues and skin through scratches, scrapes and cuts on the superficial layers. Depending on the depth and extent of the wound, the microorganis ms infect the wounds that are also mediated by the environment of the wound and the type of microorganism present on the skin. Direct physical contacts as touching and sexual contacts can be responsible for the transmission. Cold virus is transmitted by shaking hands whereas Hepatitis B and HIV is transmitted by sexual contact. Sneezing, coughing, vomiting and excretion forms the routes of exit of microorganisms. These processes release millions of microorganisms in the air as droplets of saliva or mucus and infect the individual whoever breathes in these particles (Mahon and Flaws 2014). Microorganisms are responsible for causing pathological conditions in the human body by entering the body at different sites and causing diseases by various mechanisms. The microbial invasion is countered by the first line of defense, which is followed by the second line of defense. The defense mechanism of the host body consists of natural barriers, nonspecific immune responses and specific immune responses. Natural barriers include the skin, mucous membranes, respiratory tract, GU tract and the GI tract that bars the invading microorganisms. Skin invasion becomes easier for the microbes in case of an injury or surgical incision. The mucous membranes have secretions with antimicrobial properties and contain IgA, IgG and immunoglobulins that prevent the binding of the microbes. Respiratory tract has the filters in the upper airways and GI tract has acidic pH with secretions with antibacterial properties like intestinal secretions, bile and pancreatic enzymes. GU tract acts by produci ng Tamm-Horsfall mucoproteins that remove the microorganisms (Gallo and Hooper 2012). Nonspecific immune response includes cytokines like interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1. These are produced by the activated lymphocytes and macrophages with increased neutrophil production by the bone marrow and by IL-8. A variety of antibodies like immunoglobulins is produced because of specific immune responses. Antibodies help to eradicate the microorganisms by activating the complement system and gathering the WBCs. By defending all these barriers, the microorganism enters the blood circulation and spreads throughout the body thereby causing the symptoms. The reason why not all the microorganisms lead to disease is the effectiveness of the defense mechanism. Infection happens when the microorganisms enter the host body and initiates multiplication. In response to the microbial infection, the immune system comes up with the defense mechanism including the antibodies and the white blood cells. During the process of elimination of the microbial infection from the body by the immune system, various symptoms occur like rash, headache, malaise and fever. However, the secretion of the chemicals like interferon avoids disease due to infection by helping the antibodies to target the invaders (Parham 2014). Apart from the defense mechanism of the body, vaccination can also help to prevent diseases due to infections by creating memory T and B cells that are specific for a particular pathogen. These memory cells act by responding effectively to the repeated pathogenic attacks. Zika virus generally does not have any signs and symptoms or have only mild symptoms. The commonly observed signs and symptoms of Zika virus are rash, fever, conjunctivitis and joint pain. Associated signs and symptoms include headache and muscle pain. The signs and symptoms usually develop after traveling to a Zika virus prone region. Zika virus is related to the West Nile, Dengue and yellow fever viruses and plays an active role in the development of Microcephaly where a pregnant woman is infected and the fetus develops with a small head and brain (Musso et al. 2014). Complications of neurologic problems and dehydration are the rare signs and symptoms of the infection and the prognosis of the infections involves acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome and eye abnormalities. The treatment of Zika virus infection has not been defined specifically as the disease is mild and no specific treatment is required. Patients suffering from the infection of Zika virus sho uld be provided with plenty of rest with enough intakes of fluids to prevent dehydration (Campos, Bandeira and Sardi 2015). Fever and pain can be treated with the common medicines like paracetamol and acetaminophen and worsening of the symptoms should be dealt with appropriate medical advice and care. 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